August 15, 2008

Wachovia Joins Auction-Rate Securities Settlement Parade

Today the Securities & Exchange Commission and an auction-rate securities task force composed of various state regulators announced that they had entered into a tentative settlement with Wachovia which would require Wachovia to buy-back approximately $9 billion of auction-rate securities. This settlement is closely patterned after an earlier settlement entered into with UBS regarding its sale of auction-rate securities.

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August 14, 2008

Morgan Stanley and JP Morgan Get in the Auction-Rate Securities Settlement Line

Today, Morgan Stanley and JP Morgan announced that they were following the precedent set by UBS and Citigroup in order to settle part of their auction-rate securities problems. The tentative agreements which JP Morgan and Morgan Stanley have entered into with regulators which will require that the firms will repurchase all auction-rate securities that remain held by their retail customers (identified as individual investors, charitable organizations and small businesses having assets of $10 million or less), reimburse such retail customers for any losses that they sustained in selling their auction-rate securities, set up a claims resolution process to address any unusual damages sustained by retail customers, and pay regulatory fines. The tentative agreements also provide that the firms would help their larger institutional clients (those with more than $10 million in assets) sell their holdings.

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August 12, 2008

More Auction-Rate Securities Regulatory Actions On The Horizon

The state auction-rate securities regulators task force continued to pursue financial institutions involved in the auction-rate securities market aggressively. To date, state regulators have subpoenaed approximately 30 financial institutions over their auction-rate securities practices and continue to pursue investigations with all firms that have yet to settle. The states have already tentatively settled auction-rate securities claims against Citigroup and UBS. Moreover, the state task force has identified Morgan Stanley, JP Morgan Chase and Wachovia Securities as current targets of its investigation. In addition, Goldman Sachs, Bank of America, Wells Fargo, Lehman Brothers, RBC Capital Markets, and Raymond James are reported to be additional targets of the state investigations.

Recent reports indicate that the state task force is seeking regulatory settlements from each firm similar to those entered into by Citigroup and UBS. Under such arrangements, the brokerage firms would be required to repurchase all auction-rate securities that remain held by their retail customers (identified as individual investors, charitable organizations and small businesses having accounts of $10 million or less), reimburse such retail clients for any losses that they sustained by selling their auction-rate securities, set up a claims resolution process to address any unusual damages sustained by retail customers, and pay appropriate regulatory fines.

Under these precedents, the one group that has been largely unprotected is larger corporate, pension and other institutional clients who are essentially being left to fend for themselves. Under announced arrangements, the Wall Street banks are only undertaking to use their “best efforts” to assist such institutions in achieving liquidity for auction-rate securities that they still hold. Since there are no formal requirements on the Wall Street banks to satisfy the claims of institutional investors, such investors are being left to pursue their own remedies to recover damages, if any, that they have sustained.

August 8, 2008

UBS Will Buy-Back $19.4 Billion of Auction-Rate Securities to Settle Regulatory Actions

Today UBS tentatively agreed to buy-back $19.4 billion in auction-rate securities in order to resolve regulatory actions initiated by the Massachusetts Secretary of State, other members of a state auction-rate securities task force and the SEC. In addition, the firm agreed to pay a $150 million fine to settle the regulatory claims. The full details of the settlement will be announced next week.

The regulatory investigation asserted that UBS pressured financial advisors to sell auction-rate securities as cash equivalents that were safe and liquid without disclosing significant risks to investors. At the same time that UBS was engaged in this aggressive sale campaign, the firm, internally, was extremely concerned about the auction-rate securities markets and was exploring exiting the same. Ultimately, investors sustained significant harm when UBS and other securities dealers stopped supporting the auction-rate securities markets and auctions froze. UBS’ legal exposure was particularly severe in light of the fact that various UBS insiders were simultaneously disposing of their own auction-rate securities while the firm was encouraging investors to purchase the same.

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August 8, 2008

Merrill Lynch Follows Citigroup's Lead- Attempts to Resolve Certain Auction-Rate Securities Claims

Following on the heels of Citigroup’s tentative settlement with federal and state regulators, Merrill Lynch has announced that it will offer to buy-back, at face value, auction-rate securities which were sold to individual investors, charitable institutions and small businesses. Merrill Lynch’s offer will be effective January 15, 2009 and run through January 15, 2010 according to the firm. Merrill has estimated that this offer will cost the firm approximately $10 billion.

Unlike the tentative Citigroup settlement, Merrill’s offer has not been approved by state and federal regulators and may not resolve the firm’s auction-rate securities regulatory issues. In fact, Massachusetts’ Secretary of State, William Galvin, one of the leaders of the state task force investigating the sale of auction-rate securities who recently sued Merrill Lynch over auction-rate securities, stated that “It's not satisfactory from our point of view in terms of the timeliness of redemption. Therefore, clearly, we’ll pursue our complaint.” Among other things, Merrill still must negotiate any regulatory sanctions.

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July 31, 2008

State Sues Merrill Lynch For Fraud In The Sale Of Auction-Rate Securities

Today, Massachusetts securities regulators charged Merrill Lynch with fraud in the sale of auction-rate securities. The State’s complaint asserts that the major Wall Street firm was pushing its brokers to sell auction-rate securities without making the proper disclosures to investors for months after the firm knew that the market for auction-rate securities was on the brink of collapse. The states of Massachusetts, New York and Texas had previously filed similar claims against UBS.

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July 21, 2008

Should Investors Sell Their Illiquid Auction Rate Securities?

Many auction rate securities investors are asking whether they should sell their illiquid holdings or should wait in hopes of their auction rate securities being refinanced or redeemed. Unfortunately, there is no one answer that is right for every investor. This article attempts to discuss various factors that investors may wish to consider in making their own decision. Among other things, we discuss the status of the market, describe relevant considerations and discuss the advantages of selling and of waiting. We also provide investors with information on what they can do if they are interested in selling their auction rate securities.

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July 16, 2008

Investor Suitability Claims on the Rise

The subprime and credit crises affecting the economy have revealed an array of suitability abuses by Wall Street investment firms. While a rising stock market hides many abuses by brokerage firms, suitability abuses are more easily identifiable when times are tough. For example, many risk-averse investors with conservative objectives have recently discovered that they have sustained huge losses on unsuitable investments recommended to them as being very safe. Auction rate securities, short-term bond funds, AAA rated debt securities, and mortgage heavy mutual funds provide recent examples of suitability abuses.

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June 11, 2008

Wall Street CEOs Too Optimistic?

Chief executives of the world's largest financial institutions may have been a bit too optimistic in predicting that the end of the global credit crisis was near, according to a recent story by the Associated Press on MSNBC.com. In April, Morgan Stanley's John Mack, Goldman Sachs' Lloyd Blankfein, Lehman Brothers’ Richard Fuld, and Merrill Lynch's John Thain were upbeat about the financial market. Sports metaphors abounded. Mack said that the credit crisis had reached “maybe the top of the ninth” of a baseball game while Blankfein compared the situation to the “third or fourth quarter" of a football game.

Such predictions of a market turnaround were premature. A wave of consumer anxiety about the financial industry, inflation, and a lull in the economy caused stocks to fall recently.

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June 5, 2008

S&P Slashes Ratings Of Wall Street Banks

As reported by Christine Harper on Bloomberg.com and Kathy Shwiff at The Wall Street Journal on June 2, Standard & Poor’s (S&P) cut credit ratings for three investment banks, Lehman Brothers, Merrill Lynch, and Morgan Stanley. As a result, the firms say that they may have to book more write-downs on devalued assets.

Morgan Stanley, which is the second largest U.S. securities firm by market value, experienced a credit rating cut to A+ from AA-. Merrill Lynch, the third-biggest firm, was cut to A from A+, as was the nation’s fourth-biggest securities firm, Lehman Brothers. The credit rating of Goldman Sachs, the largest U.S. securities firm by market value, was stated at AA-.

S&P says that the “outlooks on the large financial institutions sector in the U.S. are now predominantly negative.” To date, the firms have raised about $270 billion of new capital. This capital, however, is considered to be of lower quality because much of it is comprised of hybrid securities, exceeding the S&P limits on the amount of hybrids permitted in the capital structure.

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May 20, 2008

Stealth Layoffs Hit Wall Street

Layoffs in the financial industry come with almost every downturn. The latest round of such layoffs, however, is different. In fact, it is eerily quiet as some bosses now hardly say a word after people are fired, according to an article by reporters Louise Story and Eric Dash in the May 16th New York Times.

At Citigroup, Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley, the first clue that someone is gone can be the return of an email message from a former colleague’s inactivated corporate e-mail address.

Since last summer, banks worldwide have announced plans to cut 65,000 jobs. Exactly how many employees have been or will be eliminated, however, remains unclear. In the past, Wall Street typically made sharp reductions in their workforce all at once. After the 1987 stock market crash, for example, employees were herded into conference rooms and dismissed as a group. Today, companies are making many small cuts over the course of weeks and even months. Employees who have lost jobs and others vying to hold them say that banks are keeping employees in the dark about the size and timing of layoffs.

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May 12, 2008

Jim Rogers Contradicts Wall Street -- The Worst Is Yet To Come

Jim Rogers, a co-founder with George Soros of the Quantum Fund, has contradicted his old partner and most Wall Street firms with his prediction that the global credit squeeze caused by US housing loan delinquencies is not nearing its end. According to Bei Hu writing on Bloomberg.com on May 8, Rogers, the chair of Rogers Holdings, said at a press conference in Singapore, “I doubt that we’re half way through the financial crisis. We certainly haven't hit the bottom as far as I'm concerned.”

“Most of the European banks and Asian banks haven't taken a huge write-off yet,” Rogers commented. “I suspect there are more write-offs to come in Europe and Asia,” he advised.

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April 19, 2008

New York Attorney General Launches "Industry" Probe into Auction-Rate Securities

New York State’s attorney general, Andrew Cuomo, has launched a broad investigation into the auction-rate securities debacle. Mr. Cuomo’s investigation is sweeping in nature and includes inquiries into the distribution, sales, and marketing of auction-rate securities, what municipalities or other issuers were told about such securities as an inexpensive method of financing and whether auction-rate securities were sold to investors as safe, liquid investments. Cuomo's office considers the investigation an "industry case," which means that officials are looking into all aspects of the auction-rate business.

Earlier this week, Cuomo subpoenaed 18 financial institutions including Citigroup Inc., Goldman Sachs Group Inc., J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. Merrill Lynch & Co., and UBS AG. Sources say that the attorney general plans to subpoena others soon.

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April 10, 2008

At Last, Federal Regulators Probe Misrepresentations Used to Sell Auction-Rate Securities

The number of investors complaining that they were misled into buying now illiquid auction-rate securities must have reached a tipping point. The SEC and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) have begun looking into how brokers sold these products.

Jaime Levy Pessin of The Wall Street Journal reported on April 8, 2008, that FINRA had recently sent a survey to broker-dealers seeking a breakdown of total auction-rate securities holdings by customer type, how the auction-rate securities are classified on customer statements, and how firms marketed the products, together with the number of customer complaints received since October 1, 2007. FINRA has also started a “sweep” investigation. A sweep is a broad look at an industry practice and does not automatically imply that enforcement action will be taken. The SEC has confirmed that it is working with FINRA to look into “representations made to investors when they purchase auction-rate securities.”

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March 29, 2008

$330 Billion Market for Auction Rate Securities Frozen, Yet Brokers Still Get Paid: Regulators Investigate

The $330 billion auction-rate securities market is still frozen solid. Since February 13, hundreds of auction failures have occurred each day. The results can be devastating: The issuers are forced to pay high penalty interest rates. The investors are unable to extricate themselves from these investments, even though their brokers sold the securities as if they were as liquid as cash or cash equivalents. To add insult to injury, the brokerage firms continue to get paid by the issuers to hold the auctions that fail.

As many have recently – and painfully – learned, auction-rate securities are long-term bonds intended to behave like short-term debt. They have been sold by brokers as liquid investments and categorized as cash and cash equivalents. The rates are set through a bidding process managed by investment banks and are usually held every seven, 28 or 35 days.

In mid-February, the auction rate market collapsed as investors stopped buying these securities based on fears about the creditworthiness of the bond insurers who guaranteed the debt. At that time, the investment banks ceased stepping in and covering the shortfalls in demand by purchasing the auction rate securities for their own accounts.

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March 20, 2008

Wall Street Firms Scramble To Raise Cash And Stabilize Operations

Wall Street brokerage firms and investment banks are desperately struggling to raise large amounts of cash to stabilize their operations after the recent adverse events relating to the subprime meltdown and the resulting credit crunch.

Many banks are selling loans, especially leveraged buyout loans, at deep discounts. Such actions raise cash and remove these loan liabilities from the firm’s balance sheet. The banks’ holdings of LBO loans have dropped from $163 to $129 billion since the beginning of the year. Banks are breaking ranks from their lending groups and offering their portions of the LBO loans for a fraction of their face value. Goldman Sachs, for example, is selling its piece of the Chrysler $7 billion in loans for as little as 72 cents on the dollar.

In addition to selling loans, some banks are selling off business. Citigroup is reported to be selling its Australian retail brokerage unit. It is also reported that Citi will close branches in Taiwan and merge others in Singapore and Hong Kong. UBS A