Financial advisers are winning large arbitration awards against their former firms. During the past three months at least three arbitration panels have ordered financial services firms to pay millions of dollars to financial advisers formerly employed by the firms.
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Fitch Ratings issued a report on November 16 on the U.S. banking sector saying that “the risks of a negative shock are rising” if the effects of European debt crisis keep spreading. (“Fitch’s Warning Spooks Investors, “ Wall Street Journal).
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The current free fall in the stock market is likely to activated the ticking time bombs that are hidden away in some investors’ portfolios. These time bombs are embedded in a type of structured product called Reverse Convertible Notes or Reverse Exchangeable Notes. The problem has to do with the way these products are structured.
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The Massachusetts securities division regulator has filed an administrative action against RBC Capital Markets LLC and one of its former registered representatives, Michael D. Zukowski relating to sales of inverse, leveraged, inverse-leveraged, and other non-traditional exchange traded funds. The regulator seeks an order, among other things, requiring RBC and Zukowski to make full restitution to investors who lost money in as a result of unsuitable sales such funds, and pay fines.
Regions Financial Corp. is trying to find a buyer for Morgan Keegan, but the clock is ticking, and the longer it takes, the greater the likelihood that its most valuable asset, the advisor reps, will leave, thereby reducing the value, and making a sale unlikely to happen at all, according to Andrew Osterand’s InvestmentNews article entitled “Morgan Keegan’s 1,200 reps are waiting to see if parent bank Regions can find a buyer.”
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Expecting licensed professionals who provide investment advice to act in their clients’ best interests “should be a basic tenet of the business,” but brokerage firms and their brokers don’t want that fiduciary yoke, says Karen Blumenthal in her InvestmentNews article, “When Your Adviser Can’t Be Trusted.” Moreover, they don’t want the public to know that they don’t want to be held to a fiduciary standard. So, while brokerage firms profess to be trusted advisers or like a member of a client’s family in their advertising, their lobbyists are working hard to persuade the SEC to weaken the “devil in the details” definition of the term “fiduciary” for purposes of governing brokers’ relationships with customers.
The new whistleblower program that pays big cash rewards for tips about investment fraud has already resulted in a large number of high quality tips to the SEC, according to a news story this week on CNBC. According to the report, the SEC expects to receive 30,000 tips this year—just one year after the program was created under the Dodd-Frank financial reform act. SEC Enforcement Director is quoted as saying “we’re gonna get information hopefully sooner on in the life cycle of a fraudulent scheme, so there’s less investor loss, less harm.” In addition to helping the feds detect fraud in the securities industry, however, the program promises to pay big financial rewards to the whistleblowers whom report it.
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Banks sold more than $6 billion of reverse convertible notes last year, promising income investors returns of up to 64 percent in this historically low interest rate environment; however, reverse convertibles lost money, on average, according to a recent InvestmentNews articles entitled “Hot new asset class has ‘failed on all counts.’” In fact, reverse convertibles contain an often-hidden trap door called a put option, which can end up costing unsuspecting investors dearly.
According to Bloomberg, 1,481 reverse convertibles sold in the U.S. last year lost an average of 1 percent, compared with the Standard & Poor's 500 stock index that returned 8 percent, and corporate bonds that gained 11.1 percent, during the same period.
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Wall Street may face a wave of lawsuits under an expanded version of the Martin Act, New York’s securities anti-fraud statute, if the newly elected Governor of New York has his way, according to a Wall Street Journal Deal Journal blog entitled, “And the Next Mortal Threat to Wall Street Is…”.
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Brokerage firms’ advertising portrays brokers as trusted members of the family, writes Tara Siegel Bernard in her New York Times article, “Trusted Adviser or Stock Pusher? Finance Bill May Not Settle It.” Anyone who has tried to hold a broker to a fiduciary standard of conduct, however, hears a very different response: “We are mere order takers. You never should have trusted us.”
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According to a recent Bloomberg National Poll, more than 50% of Americans despise Wall Street and favor punishment of the bankers who caused the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression. The majority of poll participants -- 56 percent -- say big financial companies are more interested in enriching themselves at the expense of ordinary people.
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The Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association, an important Wall Street lobbying group, has decided to support the Obama administration’s proposal to hold brokers to the same standard as a fiduciary when they provide investment advice, according to a recent report in The Wall Street Journal. While investors who sue their brokers have long argued, with considerable success, that a fiduciary duty arises whenever there is a relationship of trust and confidence between broker and investor, that determination is presently made on a case by case basis under laws that vary from state to state. A federal standard, which is more likely to pass now that it has been endorsed by the industry, would make it easier for investors to prevail in claims against brokers.
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On May 13, 2009, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) approved a rule change that requires brokers to disclose alleged sales practice violations made by a customer against a securities broker in the body of a civil lawsuit or arbitration claim, even if that broker is not named as a defendant or respondent. The SEC received a total of 1,654 comment letters on the proposed rule change. Approximately 1,451 of the letters were “form letters” from financial advisors and insurance agents (who sell insurance products such as variable annuities) opposing the change.
There will be some scary times for Wall Street firms in the months ahead according to Business Week writers David Henry’s and Mathew Goldstein’s September 8, 2008 article “More Trash Than Cash.” The writers portray a scenario that could result in tremendous chaos for both Wall Street firms and the capital markets. Christopher Whalen of Institutional Risk Analytics (a consulting firm) summarized the situation saying, “It’s really an ugly time, and it’s only going to get worse.”
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Today the Securities & Exchange Commission and an auction-rate securities task force composed of various state regulators announced that they had entered into a tentative settlement with Wachovia which would require Wachovia to buy-back approximately $9 billion of auction-rate securities. This settlement is closely patterned after an earlier settlement entered into with UBS regarding its sale of auction-rate securities.
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Today, Morgan Stanley and JP Morgan announced that they were following the precedent set by UBS and Citigroup in order to settle part of their auction-rate securities problems. The tentative agreements which JP Morgan and Morgan Stanley have entered into with regulators which will require that the firms will repurchase all auction-rate securities that remain held by their retail customers (identified as individual investors, charitable organizations and small businesses having assets of $10 million or less), reimburse such retail customers for any losses that they sustained in selling their auction-rate securities, set up a claims resolution process to address any unusual damages sustained by retail customers, and pay regulatory fines. The tentative agreements also provide that the firms would help their larger institutional clients (those with more than $10 million in assets) sell their holdings.
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The state auction-rate securities regulators task force continued to pursue financial institutions involved in the auction-rate securities market aggressively. To date, state regulators have subpoenaed approximately 30 financial institutions over their auction-rate securities practices and continue to pursue investigations with all firms that have yet to settle. The states have already tentatively settled auction-rate securities claims against Citigroup and UBS. Moreover, the state task force has identified Morgan Stanley, JP Morgan Chase and Wachovia Securities as current targets of its investigation. In addition, Goldman Sachs, Bank of America, Wells Fargo, Lehman Brothers, RBC Capital Markets, and Raymond James are reported to be additional targets of the state investigations.
Recent reports indicate that the state task force is seeking regulatory settlements from each firm similar to those entered into by Citigroup and UBS. Under such arrangements, the brokerage firms would be required to repurchase all auction-rate securities that remain held by their retail customers (identified as individual investors, charitable organizations and small businesses having accounts of $10 million or less), reimburse such retail clients for any losses that they sustained by selling their auction-rate securities, set up a claims resolution process to address any unusual damages sustained by retail customers, and pay appropriate regulatory fines.
Under these precedents, the one group that has been largely unprotected is larger corporate, pension and other institutional clients who are essentially being left to fend for themselves. Under announced arrangements, the Wall Street banks are only undertaking to use their “best efforts” to assist such institutions in achieving liquidity for auction-rate securities that they still hold. Since there are no formal requirements on the Wall Street banks to satisfy the claims of institutional investors, such investors are being left to pursue their own remedies to recover damages, if any, that they have sustained.
Today New York Attorney General Andrew Cuomo urged JP Morgan Chase, Morgan Stanley and Wachovia Securities to take immediate steps to settle their auction-rate securities problems. According to reports, Cuomo’s office has sent a letter to each of these firms strongly suggesting that they enter into settlements with regulators resolving their auction-rate securities problems on terms similar to those previously agreed to by Citigroup and UBS.
Under such proposal, it appears that regulators are seeking to compel JP Morgan, Wachovia and Morgan Stanley to buy-back securities held by individual customers, charities and small businesses, reimburse those clients for any damages which they sustained in selling auction-rate securities, use best efforts to assist larger institutional customers in disposing of their auction-rate securities and pay fines.
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Today UBS tentatively agreed to buy-back $19.4 billion in auction-rate securities in order to resolve regulatory actions initiated by the Massachusetts Secretary of State, other members of a state auction-rate securities task force and the SEC. In addition, the firm agreed to pay a $150 million fine to settle the regulatory claims. The full details of the settlement will be announced next week.
The regulatory investigation asserted that UBS pressured financial advisors to sell auction-rate securities as cash equivalents that were safe and liquid without disclosing significant risks to investors. At the same time that UBS was engaged in this aggressive sale campaign, the firm, internally, was extremely concerned about the auction-rate securities markets and was exploring exiting the same. Ultimately, investors sustained significant harm when UBS and other securities dealers stopped supporting the auction-rate securities markets and auctions froze. UBS’ legal exposure was particularly severe in light of the fact that various UBS insiders were simultaneously disposing of their own auction-rate securities while the firm was encouraging investors to purchase the same.
Following on the heels of Citigroup’s tentative settlement with federal and state regulators, Merrill Lynch has announced that it will offer to buy-back, at face value, auction-rate securities which were sold to individual investors, charitable institutions and small businesses. Merrill Lynch’s offer will be effective January 15, 2009 and run through January 15, 2010 according to the firm. Merrill has estimated that this offer will cost the firm approximately $10 billion.
Unlike the tentative Citigroup settlement, Merrill’s offer has not been approved by state and federal regulators and may not resolve the firm’s auction-rate securities regulatory issues. In fact, Massachusetts’ Secretary of State, William Galvin, one of the leaders of the state task force investigating the sale of auction-rate securities who recently sued Merrill Lynch over auction-rate securities, stated that “It's not satisfactory from our point of view in terms of the timeliness of redemption. Therefore, clearly, we’ll pursue our complaint.” Among other things, Merrill still must negotiate any regulatory sanctions.
