Investment Fraud Lawyer Blog

The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) is taking a closer look at a fast-growing alternative investment known as a non-traded business development company (BDC). According to InvestmentNews, FINRA spokeswoman Nancy Condon states, “we are looking at a number new products being sold to investors and BDC’s are one of them.” BDC’s are typically closed-end funds regulated under the Investment Company Act of 1940. BDC’s were created in 1980 by Congress in order to provide small companies with funding.

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As Wall Street continues to question why its business is declining, a recent Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) arbitration case provides part of the answer. The arbitration panel ordered Bank of America Merrill Lynch (Merrill Lynch) to pay $1.38 million to an investor who lost money in a complex structured product composed of pooled loans that were sliced into tranches with varying payouts and risks. While the basic claim doesn't sound particularly egregious, the underlying facts were.

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The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority has issued a Regulatory Notice (12-03, Jan. 2012) to “remind” its member firms of their sales practice obligations with regard to complex products, and to provide them “guidance” in exercising heightened scrutiny and supervision over marketing and sales of complex products. Complex products are not defined in the Notice, but are described as including a host of alternative investments, such as derivative-based products, nontraded REITs, structured notes, inverse or leveraged exchange traded funds, hedge funds, and securitized products like mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities.

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Affinity fraud is a big problem and it is growing. The affinity aspect of it refers generally to the fraudster’s standing as an insider among a group of people who share a common interest. This standing as a member of the group, so to speak, makes the fraudster presumptively trustworthy. Unfortunately, affinity settings are breeding grounds for investment fraud.

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The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) recently issued a report outlining is its regulatory and examination priorities for 2012. The securities industry regulator is focusing on conduct and products meant to beat the market that are unsuitable investments for many investors.

Continue reading "Securities Regulator Alerts the Public About Dangerous Investments and Investment Strategies" »

Given the array of exotic alternative investments being sold to the public, it’s logical that many investors often don’t understand what they are buying. What is even scarier is that it is likely their professional investment adviser doesn’t understand the alternative investment either. Investment advisers – 75 percent of them – admit they do not understand alternative investments. Notwithstanding their puzzlement, 50 percent of advisers said they intend to increase their use of them in their clients’ accounts this year. They could use some help, however, because of alternative investments are so confusing. (“Alternatives spur anxiety,” InvestmentNews).

Continue reading " Most Financial Advisers Don't Understand Alternative Investments According To John Hancock Survey" »

Wall Street’s favorite defense to investor claims, the “sophisticated investor” defense, isn’t working anymore. In almost every FINRA arbitration brought by an investor, the brokerage firm adopts the mantra that “The claimant is a sophisticated investor.” In essence, the firms argue that the customer was too sophisticated to rely on any alleged misconduct or misrepresentations. In their advertising, brokerage firms say “Trust us.” In arbitration they say, “You were too sophisticated to trust us. Even if we lied, you should never have believed us.” Recently, however, arbitrators haven’t been buying this argument (See “Sophisticated Investor Defense Losing Steam,” Wall Street Journal).

Continue reading "Arbitrators Are Recognizing That 'Sophisticated Investors' Can Be Defrauded" »

The amount of dollars at stake in FINRA securities arbitrations has grown in recent years. Of the 7,000 claims currently pending, approximately 200 involve claims of $10 million or more. “The claims coming in now are substantially larger than what we had a few years ago,” Linda Fienberg, president of FINRA Dispute Resolution, was quoted as saying. (“FINRA flooded with multimillion-dollar cases,” Nate Raymond, The American Lawyer).

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Variable annuities are complex financial products designed to transfer the risk of market loss from the investor to an insurance company. Assuming the investor is risk averse (after 2008, who isn’t?), the question is, is it a good deal? The answer, according to MONEY Magazine and most advisers that do not sell variable annuities for a living, is no. (“No Pot of Gold,” Lisa Gibbs, MONEY Magazine). Whether the answer is yes or no, an investor needs to be an actuary as well as a competent, very careful reader of fine print and convoluted legalese to fully understand exactly what he or she is buying, how it is priced and whether or not it is a good deal. Most investors are not up for that job.

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Unsophisticated state and local government officials have been sold billions of dollars of flawed financial products by Wall Street banks, leaving taxpayers on the hook for even more. The banks advised the governments to issue auction rate bonds to lower their financing costs and purchase interest rate swaps to protect the governments if the market moved in the wrong direction. The officials did not understand that the market was controlled by the banks and that the banks could impose penalties when the products unraveled, which they did.

Continue reading "Wall Street Professionals Fleece Government Amateurs - Main Street Suffers" »

Brokerage firms that sell nontraded REITs reportedly “cringe” at Investor Alerts posted by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) warning of the dangers of those products. They know that such alerts cause investors “anxiety and concern,” as they learn about the risks that were not disclosed to them by their brokers. Brokerage firms routinely fail to disclose material risks about the nontraded REITs they sell for two reasons: (i) they failed to inform themselves of the risks by conducting appropriate due diligence, and (ii) they don’t want to cause potential investors any “anxiety and concern,” because that would be bad for sales, which pay hefty commissions to the sellers. (“Non-traded REITs face tough scrutiny,” InvestmentNews).

Continue reading "The News Regarding Nontraded REITs Keeps Getting Worse" »

Ordinarily, the evidence presented in a FINRA arbitration is kept “confidential” and secret from the public. That’s the way the securities industry likes it, because it really does not want the public to see the evidence against it. But in its zeal to try to overturn the largest amount ever awarded to individual investors in a FINRA arbitration, Citigroup inadvertently allowed New York Times columnist Gretchen Morgenson to have a look at the evidence that was presented to the arbitrators in that case. What she found is the subject of her recent article entitled “Secrets of a Sales Machine.”

Continue reading "MAT/ASTA Cases Reveal the Seamy Side of Wall Street" »

Whether from “outright bribery and the hope of future job offers” or “ideological conformity and the desire for good relationships and a peaceful life,” the Securities and Exchange Commission is a “captured” agency controlled by Wall Street. That is why the SEC allows the likes of Citigroup to sell its clients a product that Citigroup “built-to-fail” and bet against, in exchange for Citigroup paying a modest fine and promising not to violate the securities laws again (which everyone knows the SEC has no intention of enforcing) – all without admitting that it did anything wrong. The big banks continue to break the law because of the low probability of getting caught plus the inconsequential consequences of getting caught, and that is why we will face another financial crisis in the near future. That is the takeaway from James Kwak’s article in The Atlantic entitled “Too Big to Stop: Why Big Banks Keep Getting Away With Breaking the Law.”

Continue reading "Does Wall Street Believe that Breaking the Law is Just a 'Part of Doing Business?'" »

The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) has fined Wells Fargo Investments $2 million and ordered it to pay restitution to customers for unsuitable sales of reverse convertible securities, and other misconduct. The reverse convertibles sales involved one broker and 21 customers with 172 accounts. Seventy one percent of the customers were over 80 years old. (See “Wells to pay $2M to settle claims broker sold unsuitable investments to seniors,” Investment News).

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The U.K. Financial Services Authority fined HSBC Holdings PLC £10.5 million (its largest fine ever) for selling unsuitable products to elderly customers. HSBC was further ordered to pay another £29.3 million to compensate customers, who were advised to buy bonds whose maturity dates were longer than the customers’ life expectancies. (“HSBC Fined for Selling Unsuitable Products to Elderly,” Wall Street Journal).

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Even in today’s turbulent economy, many people dream of retiring early and living off of their investments. On occasion, unscrupulous investment advisers have been known to take advantage of this wish by promoting deceptive early retirement schemes. This problem has become a big enough problem that the SEC and FINRA have started warning investors to beware.

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In another example of brokerage firms catering to retail investors’ worst instincts, supposedly investor-friendly firms like Charles Schwab and TD Ameritrade are focusing on expanding their trading business beyond traditional investment like stocks and bonds into alternative investments like options because the commissions are so high. (“’Easy Money’ Options Pushed by Online Brokers,” Bloomberg).

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LPL Financial LLC was fined $100,000 by the Oregon Department of Consumer and Business Services for unsuitable sales of high-risk oil and gas partnerships to clients, including many who are elderly, in poor health, and incapable of making financial decisions (“LPL fined over sales of risky partnerships to seniors,” InvestmentNews).

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Mike Mayo, a banking analyst who has worked at six Wall Street firms and has a reputation for independence from the banks he covers,recently published a book that reveals the fundamental unreliability of Wall Street research recommendations. When Mayo started out on Wall Street, he says he called them as he saw them. But when his analysis was negative on a firm the firm cut back on business with his bank, and Mayo was penalized. In 1999, Mayo made a controversial call to sell bank stocks. Even though he was proven correct, he was fired by Credit Suisse in 2000. In 2002, he testified before Congressional committees about the conflicts of interest on Wall Street, and took his message to the media, but nothing changed. Ten big Banks paid over $1 billion to settlement analyst fraud charges in 2003. Then Wall Street returned to business as usual, and the system is still riddled with conflicts.

Continue reading "New Book Reveals How Wall Street Firms are 'Gaming' the Capital Markets" »

The herd mentality of brokerage firm analysts often plays a substantial obstacle to successful investing according to neuroeconomist and behavioral finance presenter Barry Ritholz, CEO of Fusion IQ and author of The Big Picture blog.

Continue reading "Wall Street - Still Putting Lipstick on Pigs" »